ACTIVITY "INTERNAL COORDINATION"

MATCH the two halves of each sentence.

1. The endocrine system                                                 a. produces insulin.
2. The thyroid gland                                                        b. produces the growth hormone.
3. Thyroxin enables the body                                           c. is responsible for growth and reproduction.
4. The pancreas                                                              d. to absorb nutrients.
5. Insulin controls                                                            e. produces thyroxin.
6. The pituitary gland                                                       f. the amount of sugar in the bloodstream.

ACTIVITY "THE NERVOUS SYSTEM"

Read the following definitions and write the words:

1.This part of the brain controls voluntary movements.
2. This part of the brain coordinates movements and maintains balance.
3. This part of the brain regulates internal organs.
4. These are the principal cells of the nervous system.
5.These are involuntary movements in reponse to external stimuli.

ACTIVITY " THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM"

TRUE OR FALSE? Decide if the following statements are true or false. If they are false,correct them.

1. When muscles contract, they become longer.
2. When muscles relax, they return to their original length and thickness.
3. Tendons connect the bones of a joint.
4. Antagonistic muscles perform the same action.
5. Arms bend at the elbow with a flexing movement.

ACTIVITY "THE BODY"

COMPREHENSION.Write the words of each sentence in the correct order to make sense:

1. body/ supports/ the / the/ skeleton
2. meet / places/ bones/ two / joints/ where / are / the
3. ends /the / of/ cartilage / covers/ bones/ the
4. flexible / strong / ligaments / are / tissue

INTERNAL COORDINATION

The nervous system controls and coordinates al the body´s internal processes, such as the beating of the heart and the digestion of food.
To do this, it controls involuntary muscles and the endocrine system.

INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES

INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES work automatically.
We cannot control them with our decisions.

The body needs involuntary muscles in order to function correctly.

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

The endocrine system is responsible for functions such as growth and reproduction.

It consists of endocrine glands, which secrete substances called hormones into the bloodstream.

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

The principal glands in the endocrine system are:

_ THYROID GLAND: It produces the hormone thyroxin, which enables the body to absorb nutrients.

-PANCREAS: It produces insulin, which controls the amount of sugar in the bloodstream.

-OVARIES (female) and testes (male); they produce sex hormones, which are responsible for reproduction.

-PITUITARY GLAND:It coordinates other endocrine glands and also produces growth hormone.

FUNTIONS

The nervous system sends and receives information.

It coordinates the functions of internal organs. It also coordinates systems like the digestive system.

PARTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. This system receives information, interprets it, and decides on a reponse.

The brain has three parts:
- The cerebrum controls voluntary movements.
- The cerebellum coordinates movements and maintains balance.
- The brain stem regulates internal organs.

The spinal cord controls reflex movements.

The peripherial nervous system consists of nerves. It transmits information from the sense organs to the central nervous system and from the central nervous system to other organs.

NEURONS

Neurons are the principal cells of the nervous system. They receive and transmit information. They are grouped together to form nerves.

REFLEX AND VOLUNTARY MOVEMENTS

There are two types of movements:

-Reflex movements: these are involuntary movements in response to external stimuli.

-Voluntary movements:these movements are the result of decisions.

ACTIVITY 5

CHOOSE THE CORRECT ALTERNATIVE

1. Digestion/ circulation is the movement of blood through the circulatory system.
2. Our heart/ stomach works like a pump.
3. It never stops eating/ beating.
4. There are three kinds of food/ blood vessels.
5. Arteries carry blood into/away from the heart.
6. Veins carry blood away from/ into the heart.
7. Capillaries connect arteries to veins. They reach/ don´t reach every part of our body.

ACTIVITY 4

JOIN THE CORRECT HALVES.

1.First the air                                                 a. air leaves the lungs.
2.Then it                                                        b. tiny sacs of air.
3.Next it                                                        c. enters through the nose.
4.In the lungs                                                 d. oxygen passes into the blood.
5.Alveoli are                                                  e. our lungs fill with air.
6.In the alveoli                                                f. the bronchi divide into smaller bronchioles.
7.When we inhale                                           g. passes through the pharynx, larynx and trachea.
8.When we exhale                                          h. goes through the two main bronchi into each lung

Now write the complete sentences in order.

ACTIVITY 3

VOCABULARY

MATCH.

Capillaries-                      -are blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.

Veins-                             -are tiny blood vessels which connect arteries to veins.

Arteries-                          -are blood vessels which carry blood into the heart.

AND NOW WRITE THE SENTENCES

ACTIVITY 2

ORDER THE STEPS IN THE EXCRETION PROCESS.

----- The kidneys filter the blood.
----- Urine is expelled through the uretha.
----- Urine is carried by the ureters.
----- Blood goes through the kidneys.
----- Urine is formed.
----- Urine is stored in the bladder.

ACTIVITY 1

UNDERLINE THE WORDS RELATED TO BREATHING

inhalation       exhalation     intestine    expiration      bronchi      lungs    liver    kidney   trachea    oxygen

digestion  stomach   small intestine  oesophagus  large intestine   bronchioles larynx  nose  pharynx